What term refers to someone who is stingy or mean?

The term "miserly" accurately describes someone who is stingy or mean, particularly in the context of being unwilling to spend money or share resources. A miserly person is often overly concerned with saving or hoarding their wealth to the extent that it negatively affects their quality of life and their interactions with others. This term conveys a strong sense of reluctance to part with money, emphasizing the idea of extreme frugality to the point of being uncharitable.

In contrast, the other options do not carry the same meaning. "Fortuitous" refers to something happening by chance, often in a lucky way, and does not relate to a person's attitude towards money. "Penury" denotes extreme poverty or an insufficiency of necessities, which describes a condition rather than a character trait. Lastly, "frugality" is the quality of being economical with money or resources, but it does not imply meanness. While frugality can describe a prudent use of resources, it does not inherently suggest a stingy or mean spirit like "miserly" does.