What term is used to describe someone who is stubbornly disobedient and resists authority?

The term "recalcitrant" is used to describe someone who is stubbornly disobedient and resists authority. This word originates from the Latin "recalcitrare," meaning to kick back, which metaphorically captures the idea of an individual who pushes back against rules, regulations, or commands. A recalcitrant person often refuses to comply with directives or conform to expectations, exhibiting a defiant attitude toward authority figures or governing bodies.

In contrast, "obsequious" refers to someone who is excessively submissive or overly eager to please, which is the opposite of resisting authority. "Onerous" describes something that is burdensome or heavy, typically in the context of a task or obligation, but does not relate to disobedience. "Pernicious" means having a harmful effect, particularly in a gradual or subtle way, and while it can pertain to influence, it does not specifically signify disobedience or resistance to authority.

Thus, the clarity of "recalcitrant" in denoting stubborn disobedience makes it the correct choice in this context.