What is the term for a state of deterioration in metals caused by oxidation or chemical action?

The term that describes a state of deterioration in metals resulting from oxidation or chemical action is "corrosion." This process occurs when metals react with moisture, air, or other chemicals, leading to the breakdown of the material over time. Corrosion is commonly seen in environments where metals are exposed to various elements, leading to rust in iron, for instance, when iron oxidizes in the presence of water and oxygen.

The other terms do not specifically refer to this process. "Decay" generally refers to the decomposition or breakdown of organic matter, which does not directly pertain to metals. "Conversion" implies a change from one form or use to another, which is not specific to the deterioration of metals. "Eradication" refers to the complete removal or destruction of something, often used in contexts like disease or invasive species, and does not relate to the chemical weathering of metals. Therefore, the most accurate term for the deterioration of metals through oxidation or chemical action is corrosion.