What is a "centrifuge" used for?

A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate different components of a mixture based on their densities. It spins the mixture at high speeds, which causes denser substances to move outward to the bottom of the container, while lighter substances remain closer to the top. This technique is commonly used in laboratories to separate solid particles from liquids in suspensions, such as separating blood cells from plasma, or to isolate specific cellular components.

Understanding the function of a centrifuge provides insight into its applications in scientific research and medical diagnostics. The other options refer to different processes: mixing substances thoroughly pertains to homogenization, observing small particles relates to microscopy, and enhancing chemical reactions is associated with catalysts or reaction conditions, none of which accurately describe what a centrifuge does. Hence, the correct answer emphasizes its primary role in separation.