What does the term "censure" mean?

The term "censure" refers to a strong and often formal expression of disapproval or criticism. This term is frequently used in contexts where a person or organization is reprimanded for their actions or decisions. For example, a government body or official may face censure for misconduct, indicating that their behavior is not acceptable and that they are being held accountable for it.

The other choices present contrasting meanings. Public praise or approval would imply positive reinforcement, which is the opposite of censure. An expression of gratitude suggests appreciation and commendation rather than disapproval. A formal meeting is a completely different concept, unrelated to criticism or approval. Therefore, "harsh criticism or disapproval" captures the essence of "censure" accurately.