What does it mean to "retard" a process?

To "retard" a process means to cause it to move or operate more slowly. This term is often used in various contexts, including science and engineering, where a reaction or progression can be slowed down deliberately or as a natural occurrence. For example, in chemistry, a catalyst might be removed to retard a reaction, allowing for better control over the timing of the process.

The correct understanding of "retard" hinges on its root meaning—derived from the Latin word "retardare," which means to delay or to slow down. In contrast, the other options do not align with this meaning; they suggest actions that either promote or enhance a process, which is the opposite of what "retard" signifies.