What characterizes a "qualm" in decision-making?

A "qualm" is characterized by hesitation or doubt about action, particularly when making decisions. It reflects an uncomfortable feeling that arises when one is uncertain or anxious about the potential consequences of a choice. When a person experiences qualms, they may question the righteousness of their decisions or feel conflicted about the implications of moving forward with a particular action. This inner turmoil often leads to second-guessing oneself and can inhibit one's ability to act decisively.

In the context of decision-making, the presence of qualms implies a struggle with uncertainties, making it distinct from feelings of confidence, clarity, or firm resolution. Those feeling confident or clear about their choices are unlikely to experience qualms, as their beliefs about their decisions are solid and unshaken. Similarly, a person who possesses firm resolution would not be plagued by doubts but would instead proceed with determination.