To "remonstrate" is to:

The term "remonstrate" specifically refers to the act of arguing in protest or opposition. It conveys a sense of expressing disagreement or objections regarding a particular action or decision, often in a formal manner. This word captures the essence of advocating against something by presenting reasons or arguments to challenge it. The context in which "remonstrate" is often used involves raising concerns or objections in a constructive way, aiming to bring about reconsideration of an issue.

The other choices represent actions that do not align with the meaning of "remonstrate." Celebrating a success implies a positive acknowledgment, which contrasts sharply with arguing in protest. Withdrawing from a discussion indicates a step back from participation, rather than active engagement in opposition. Creating a new argument may involve presenting fresh ideas or viewpoints but does not specifically denote the protest aspect inherent in remonstration. Thus, the clear link to arguing against something makes "argue in protest or opposition" the correct definition of "remonstrate."